What is the difference between refractory spraying, gunning, and casting?

Spraying and gunning both apply material pneumatically without formwork, but spraying generally achieves lower rebound and dust generation than dry-process gunning, while casting requires formwork and longer cure time but achieves the highest density and lowest porosity of the three methods. The right method depends on shutdown duration constraints and the density requirements of the specific lining. Sparkline Group can advise which method suits a given application and shutdown schedule. Many UAE shutdown campaigns favor spraying specifically because it balances application speed against acceptable lining quality.